Ramayana
Historical background
One of the two great Sanskrit epics of India, the other being the Mahabharata. In its present form the epic consists of disparate elements, including romantic stories, myths, legends and vague historical information.
Date: 16th century
Description: Fragment of a battle scene: a figure lies on the ground.
Location: Andhra Pradesh Temple;Chennakeshava Temple;Somapalem
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling
Date: 17th century
Description: General view of the ceiling of the Ranga Vilasa mandapa.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Sr Ranganatha Temple complex;Srirangam
Positioning: Ceiling of the Ranga Vilasa mandapa
Date: 17th century
Description: From left to right: 1) Rama and Lakshmana kill Subahu and rout Maricha who pollute Vishvamitra’s sacrifice. 2) Ahalya is freed from her curse. Behind her is her husband, Gautama maharishi.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Sri Ranganatha Temple complex;Srirangam
Positioning: Ceiling of the Ranga Vilasa mandapa, west side
Date: 17th century
Description: Ahalya is freed from her curse. On the left: Rama, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and behind Ahalya, her husband, Gautama maharishi.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Sri Ranganatha Temple complex;Srirangam
Positioning: Ceiling of the Ranga Vilasa mandapa, west side
Date: 17th century
Description: Rama, Lakshmana and Vishvamitra meet an ascetic; They resume their journey and cross a river.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Sri Ranganatha Temple complex;Srirangam
Positioning: Ceiling of the Ranga Vilasa mandapa, north side
Date: 17th century
Description: Top row; Ahalya is freed from her curse; Rama and Lakshmana discuss with Vishvamitra and another ascetic. Bottom row: The mock battle between Manmatha and Rati mounted on chariots and their followers riding on parrots and swans. At both ends of the tableau, two ladies carry Manmatha’s makara-shaped insignia.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Sri Ranganatha Temple complex;Srirangam
Positioning: Ceiling of the Ranga Vilasa mandapa, west side
Date: 17th century
Description: Top row: The courtesans seduce Rishyashringa and carry him to the kingdom of Anga; Rishyashringa performs the putrakameshti yajna (ritual to beget a son) on behalf of King Dasharatha. Vasishtha is shown near Rishyashringa, and Sumantra near the King. Bottom row; The mock battle between Manmatha riding a parrot, and Rati on a swan and their followers mounted on different birds shooting flower arrows at one another.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Sri Ranganatha Temple;Srirangam
Positioning: Ceiling of the Ranga Vilasa mandapa, east side
Date: 17th century
Description: The courtesans meet Rishyashringa in the forest and seduce him.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Sri Ranganatha Temple complex;Srirangam
Positioning: Ceiling of the Ranga Vilasa mandapa, south east corner
Date: 17th century
Description: Top row: The courtesans carry Rishyashringa to the Anga kingdom; Rishyashringa and Vasishtha perform the putrakameshti yajna (ritual to obtain a son) on behalf of king Dasharatha. Sumantra, Dasharatha’s minister, watches the ritual. On the extreme right, the king gives a portion of the miraculous sweet to Kausalya. Bottom row: Manmatha mounted on a parrot, and his followers riding of various birds, aim flowery arrows at Rati and her companions.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Sri Ranganatha Temple complex;Srirangam
Positioning: Ceiling of the Ranga Vilasa mandapa, east side
Date: 17th century
Description: Bottom row: Kausalya shares the miraculous sweet meat with Kaikeyi and Sumitra; The three pregnant queens seated; The queens and an attendant with the four babies before Dasharatha. Top row (from left); Dasharatha, Vasishtha and yet another ascetic entrust Rama and Lakshmana to Vishvamitra; The sage and his charges on their way to the forest reach a river.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Sri Ranganatha Temple complex;Srirangam
Positioning: Ceiling of the Ranga Vilasa mandapa, north side
Date: 17th century
Description: Bottom row: Kausalya shares the miraculous sweetmeat with Kaikeyi and Sumitra; The three pregnant queens seated; The queens and an attendant with the four babies before Dasharatha. The princes practise archery. Top row (from left): Dasharatha, Vasishtha and yet another ascetic entrust Rama and Lakshmana to Vishvamitra; The sage and his charges on their way to the forest reach a river. Vishvamitra encourages Rama to kill Tataka.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Sri Ranganatha Temple complex;Srirangam
Positioning: Ceiling of the Ranga Vilasa mandapa, north side
Date: 17th century
Description: Rama breaks Shiva’s bow before the assembled court in Mithila.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Sri Ranganatha Temple complex;Srirangam
Positioning: Ceiling for the Ranga Vilasa mandapa, west side
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