Ladies
Historical background
The numerous depictions of ladies, queens, attendants, fan-. fly whisk-, arm-bearers, not to speak of the heavenly apsaras and other divine beauties were a source of great inspiration for the artists.
Date: 17th century
Description: Top row (damaged) Manikkavachakar gives the dumb daughter of the Chola king the power of speech. Bottom row, left (damaged): The killing of the Buddhists; Their hacked bodies are thrown in an oil press; (right) Manikkavachakar and his disciples.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Nataraja Temple complex;Chidambaram
Positioning: Shivakamasundari shrine; open mandapa, southernmost bay
Date: 17th century
Description: Top row (left): Map of the world: at its centre Nataraja (now disappeared); (right): Tunmata
and a court official before the Pandya king. Bottom row (from left to right) Tunmata seduces a woman, possibly the one seen one seen pounding rice near a house (damaged); Tunmata talks to a person (disappeared); He consorts with acrobats and courtesans and eventually is apprehended by soldiers.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Nataraja Temple complex;Chidambaram
Positioning: Shivakamasundari shrine; open mandapa, second bay from the south
Date: 17th century
Description: Top row( from left to right): Nataraja and Shivakami enshrined in the Chit Sabha (disappeared), opposite which a dancer and musicians are performing while Tunmata looks on; The next scene depicts a Brahmin trying to persuade Tunmata, who has been seized by a soldier, to mend his ways. Two ladies and a donkey carry the booty of his robberies. Bottom row: Tunmata bends down to touch a snake, he is bitten: Yama’s servants seize him. On the left: Shiva’s ganas attack Yama’s servants.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Nataraja Temple complex;Chidambaram
Positioning: Shivakamasundari shrine; open mandapa, second bay from the south
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Rama and Sita’s wedding. On the left Sita accompanied by Janaka and his wife, on the right Rama; Dasharatha and Kausalya. Flanking the main tableau, on the left are Vasishtha and Janaka’s court chaplain, Shatananda; on the right, one of Dasharatha’s other queens (?) and Vishvamitra. Rows of courtly figures and rishis in buildings enliven the upper portion of the composition. The lower part accommodates four male courtly figures and eight ascetics. Their different attires indicate the various orders they belong to.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, sixth row from west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Arjuna wins Draupadi’s hand. Flanked by Drupada and by Draupadi, Arjuna, standing on two spherical devices, aims at the matsya yantra (revolving fish target) by looking at its reflection in a cauldron of water, which, according to the tradition, was continuously stirred. To the left are three crowned male figures, possibly Arjuna’s brothers; Yudhishthira, Bhima and Nakula. On the right two male figures could be Sahadeva and Krishna, and an unidentified third person. The vignette on the right shows two deities, possibly Shiva and Vishnu; the one on the left, four crowned figures. The upper part of the panel is occupied by the rishis-in-buildings motif. The central part of the lower portion accommodates six ascetics in different attires indicating their different religious orders, and at the corners crowned male and female figures.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, sixth row from west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Vignettes, from left: An elephant and a bull in one (visual pun); Durga killing Mahishasura; A courtly figure embracing two ladies; Lakshmi-Narasimha; A man and a lady in a garden(?); A couple playing pachisi; Two ascetics and a book on a stand; Rama flanked by Sita, Lakshmana and Hanuman; Vishnu reclining on the serpent Shesha.
Plaster sculptures: Vishnu avataras.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, beam supporting the ceiling, south (from east to west)
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Vignettes, from left: Dvarapala; Musicians; Two dancing girls; Three ladies carrying trays with offerings; Two brahmins and a courtly figure; Two brahmins; Two brahmins performing a ritual; Sri Virupaksha enshrined.
Plaster sculptures: The wedding of Virupaksha and Pampambika.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Sri Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling beam above the entrance to the sanctuary
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Vignettes, from the left: Man killing an elephant trampling a tiger; Damodara Krishna and Yashoda; Four-headed cow lustrating a linga flanked by two ascetics; Lady flanked by attendants; Warrior killing a lion; Lion riding on an elephant; Ten-armed Durga trampling on Mahisha (?); Bhadrakali (?).
Below the vignettes: 16th century frieze with music and dance scenes.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, beam supporting the ceiling, north (from west to east)
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Vignettes, from left: Bhadrakali (?); Lady (unclear); Venkateshvara and consorts; Durga-Lakshmi; Boxers; Subrahmanya on the peacock; Harihara (?); Beauty with a parrot and an attendant; Ascetic.
Plaster sculptures: Wedding scene.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, beam supporting the ceiling, north (from west to east)
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Vignettes, from left: Subrahmanya on the peacock; Harihara; Beauty with a parrot and an attendant; Ascetic (?).
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, beam supporting the ceiling, north (from west to east)
Date: First half of the 16th century
Description: The wife, the daughter (?) of Virapanna, governor of Penukonda, and the patriarch Daksha paying homage to Virabhadra. Detail of the large Virabhadra on the central ceiling of the mahamandapa.
Location: Andhra Pradesh Temple;Virabhadraswamy Temple;Lepakshi
Positioning: Mahamandapa, ceiling of the central bay
Date: First half of the 16th century
Description: The wife, the daughter(?) of Virapanna, governor of Penukonda, and the patriarch Daksha paying homage to Virabhadra. Detail of the large Virabhadra on the central ceiling of the mahamandapa.
Location: Andhra Pradesh Temple;Virabhadraswamy Temple;Lepakshi
Positioning: Mahamandapa, ceiling of the central bay
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