Rituals
Historical background
Weddings and festivals provide the artists with a scope to explore religious rituals and at the same time courtly etiquette, dress, and ornaments in great detail.
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: From top to bottom and from left to right; First row: Rama wins Sita’s hand; Rama and Sita’s wedding; Arjuna shoots the matsya yantra (the revolving fish target). Second row: Battle scenes. Third row: Krishna steals the clothes of the gopis; The Vidyaranya is taken in procession to the Virupaksha temple.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, sixth, seventh and eighth row from west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Rama, flanked by Janaka and Sita wins the archery contest. Two couples flank the main tableau. The seven rishis are shown in the vignettes on the left and the right. Celestial beings and rishis inhabit the five buildings at the top of the composition. Beneath the main scene is a lying figure, possibly Ravana. According to some re-tellings of the epic, he was among the princes present at the archery contest and fainted when Rama won.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, sixth register from west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Rama and Sita’s wedding. On the left Sita accompanied by Janaka and his wife, on the right Rama; Dasharatha and Kausalya. Flanking the main tableau, on the left are Vasishtha and Janaka’s court chaplain, Shatananda; on the right, one of Dasharatha’s other queens (?) and Vishvamitra. Rows of courtly figures and rishis in buildings enliven the upper portion of the composition. The lower part accommodates four male courtly figures and eight ascetics. Their different attires indicate the various orders they belong to.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, sixth row from west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Arjuna wins Draupadi’s hand. Flanked by Drupada and by Draupadi, Arjuna, standing on two spherical devices, aims at the matsya yantra (revolving fish target) by looking at its reflection in a cauldron of water, which, according to the tradition, was continuously stirred. To the left are three crowned male figures, possibly Arjuna’s brothers; Yudhishthira, Bhima and Nakula. On the right two male figures could be Sahadeva and Krishna, and an unidentified third person. The vignette on the right shows two deities, possibly Shiva and Vishnu; the one on the left, four crowned figures. The upper part of the panel is occupied by the rishis-in-buildings motif. The central part of the lower portion accommodates six ascetics in different attires indicating their different religious orders, and at the corners crowned male and female figures.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, sixth row from west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: The Virupaksha linga enshrined in the temple’s sanctuary.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, eighth row from the west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: The Virupaksha linga enshrined in the temple. Nandi stands under the bells hanging from the ceiling of the antechamber before the sanctuary.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, eighth row from west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Vignettes, from left: Pujaris performing a ritual; Sri Virupaksha enshrined; Nandi; Three brahmins; Two courtiers; Two attendants; A male figure bearing a yoke and a retainer; Two drummers; A kettledrum player; A dvarapala.
Plaster sculptures; The wedding of Virupaksha and Pampambika.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling beam above the entrance to the sanctuary
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Vignettes, from left: Pujaris performing a ritual; Sri Virupaksha enshrined; Nandi; Three brahmins; Two courtiers; Two attendants; A male figure bearing a yoke and a retainer; Two drummers; A kettledrum player; A dvarapala.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling beam above the entrance to the sanctuary
Date: First half of the 16th century
Description: The wife, the daughter (?) of Virapanna, governor of Penukonda, and the patriarch Daksha paying homage to Virabhadra. Detail of the large Virabhadra on the central ceiling of the mahamandapa.
Location: Andhra Pradesh Temple;Virabhadraswamy Temple;Lepakshi
Positioning: Mahamandapa, ceiling of the central bay
Date: First half of the 16th century
Description: The wife, the daughter(?) of Virapanna, governor of Penukonda, and the patriarch Daksha paying homage to Virabhadra. Detail of the large Virabhadra on the central ceiling of the mahamandapa.
Location: Andhra Pradesh Temple;Virabhadraswamy Temple;Lepakshi
Positioning: Mahamandapa, ceiling of the central bay
Date: First half of the 16th century
Description: Virapanna and family worship Virabhadra along with the patriarch Daksha. Detail of the large Virabhadra on the central ceiling of the mahamandapa.
Location: Andhra Pradesh Temple;Virabhadraswamy Temple;Lepakshi
Positioning: Mahamandapa, ceiling of the central bay
Date: First half of the 16th century
Description: The patriarch Daksha paying homage to Virabhadra. Detail of the large Virabhadra on the central ceiling of the mahamandapa.
Location: Andhra Pradesh Temple;Virabhadraswamy Temple;Lepakshi
Positioning: Mahamandapa, ceiling of the central bay
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