Rituals
Historical background
Weddings and festivals provide the artists with a scope to explore religious rituals and at the same time courtly etiquette, dress, and ornaments in great detail.
Description: Four unidentified Srivaishnava divyadeshams; Top row left: Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Setupati worships Vishnu and consort.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 1, north wall
Date: First half of the 18th century, restored
Description: Top row: Two unidentified Srivaishnava divyadeshams; Bottom row: Three figures, the second of which is probably Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Setupati, worshipping Subrahmanya and consorts; In the background the Palani hills; On the wall projections, left: Krishna avatara; Courtly figure; Right: Kalki avatara; Devotees.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 1, north wall
Date: First half of the 18th century, restored
Description: Top row: The Jagannatha triad (Puri); King Bali and Vamana; Bottom row: A religious ceremony (?); On the wall projection on the right: Lady holding the pallu of her sari in her hand.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 1, east wall, north corner
Date: First half of the 18th century
Description: Row 1: Hearing of the birth of a son, Nanda consults the Brahmins; He takes a bath and purifies himself; Row 2: Nanda and Yashoda consult the astrologers, gift cows and grains to the Brahmins; the gopas bring gifts; Row 3: Rituals for the new-born Krishna and Balarama in the arms of their mothers; Nanda and the gopas travel to Mathura to pay Kamsa’s annual tributes; Row 4: Nanda and Vasudeva(?) before Kamsa; conversation between Vasudeva and Nanda; Nanda and Yashoda.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 2, north wall
Date: First half of the 18th century, damaged by splashes of withewash
Description: Row 1: Kamsa summons Putana, and sends her to Gokul, where, eventually, Krishna sucks the life out of her; Row 2: After Putana’s death, Yashoda picks up baby Krishna, takes him to the house; Nanda, Yashoda and Rohini perform rituals for the safety of the child; Nanda finds Putana’s body; Row 3: Nanda and Yashoda worship Krishna; Nanda with Krishna on his lap and Yashoda; sleeping Krishna is put in a cradle tied to a cart; Krishna destroys the cart demon, Shakatasura, to the amazement of the cowherds; Row 4: Yashodha and Krishna; a Brahmin recites verses for Krishna’s welfare at the presence of Nanda and Yashoda; Yashoda and crawling Krishna; The demon Trinavarta sweeps the baby off the ground, but is killed by Krishna and falls to the ground at the feet of the gopas.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 2, east wall, north-east corner
Date: First half of the 18th century
Description: Top row: Worship of Katyayani; The gopis bathe in a pool, Krishna runs away with their clothes; Row 2: Krishna addresses the gopis; The cows graze on the banks of the Yamuna; Row 3: Krishna and the gopas request food from the Brahmins who refuse it; The gopas then approach the wives of the Brahmins who bring them food; Row 4: Preparations for the sacrifice to Indra; The offerings are placed at the foot of Mt Govardhana; On the wall projections on the left and the right portraits of courtly figures.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 2, west wall
Date: First half of the 18th century
Description: Top row: Krishna sends the gopas to ask food from the Brahmins; They refuse; When Krishna hears this, he approaches the wives of the Brahmins who feed him and his companions; Bottom row: Krishna and Balarama observe Nanda and the gopas preparing for the great Indra-yaga (sacrifice in honour of Indra); Krishna instructs the gopas to place the offerings at the foot of Mt Govardhana and worship the mountain.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 2, west wall
Date: First half of the 18th century
Description: Top row: The gopas and gopis thank Krishna for having saved their life and that of their cattle; Indra descends from heaven with other celestials and prostrates before Krishna; He showers flowers on Krishna at the presence of the gods, Nanda, Yashoda and the gopas; Bottom row: Musicians and dancers, various gods and Airavata watch how Indra crowns Krishna and calls him Govinda; On the wall projection on the right: lamp bearer.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 2, west wall
Date: First half of the 18th century
Description: Top row: On the extreme right: Sumantra, Rishyashringa and Dasharatha; Row 2: Dasharatha prepares to celebrate the ashvamedha yajna (horse sacrifice); Row 3: The Brahmins engage in various activities; Row 4: Dasharatha, his queens, Vasishtha and Rishyashringa celebrate the yajna; Row 5: The gods attend the sacrifice.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 3, north wall
Date: First half of the 18th century
Description: Top row: On the extreme right, Sumantra, Rishyashringa and Dasharatha; Row 2: On the extreme left, Dasharatha and his queens celebrate the ashvamedha; Row 3: The Brahmins engage in various activities connected with the yajna.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 3, north wall
Date: First half of the 18th century
Description: Top row: Dasharatha, his queens, Kausalya, Sumitra and Kaikeyi, Vasishtha, Rishyashringa and the rishis celebrate the ashvamedha yajna (horse sacrifice); Bottom row: The gods and the dikpalas attend the yajna to receive the offerings.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 3, north wall
Date: First half of the 18th century
Description: Top row: The gods and the dikpalas pay homage to Vishnu on Garuda; Row 2: Rishyashringa performs the putrakameshti yajna (ritual to have a son) on behalf of Dasharatha; The Yajnapurusha emerges from the fire with the vessel containing the payasa (sweetmeat); Row 3: Dasharatha divides the payasa among the three queens; The queens eat the sweet in their apartment; On the left and the right of the north door, a lamp bearer.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Ramanathapuram
Positioning: Room 3, north wall
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