Ramayana
Historical background
One of the two great Sanskrit epics of India, the other being the Mahabharata. In its present form the epic consists of disparate elements, including romantic stories, myths, legends and vague historical information.
Date: Late 16th or early 17th century
Description: Bottom row: Hanuman informs Sita that she is to meet Rama; she is bathed, and carried in a palanquin; Central row, on the extreme right: Agni carries Sita in his arms to restore her to Rama; Top row: The navagrahas shrines at Navapashana, and fragments of figures. On the right, monkeys.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Venugopala Parhasarathi Temple;Chengam
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling
Date: Late 16th or early 17th century
Description: Bottom row: Rama talks to Vibhishana, who prostrates before him, followed by a monkey and Jambavan; Lakshmana consecrates Vibhishana; Central row: Angada and Hanuman disrupt Ravana’s patala-homa (a sacrifice to ensure the victory over the enemy); Rama’s troops invade Ravana’s palace; Angada grabs Mandodari by the hair; Top row: battle scenes: Lakshmana fights against Ravana and other rakshasas under the eyes of Jambavan, Sugriva and other heroes.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Venugopala Parthasarathi Temple;Chengam
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling
Date: Late 16th or early 17th century
Description: Bottom row: Rama talks to Vibhishana, who prostrates before him, followed by a monkey and by Jambavan; Lakshmana consecrates Vibhishana; Central row: Hanuman and Angada disrupt Ravana’s patala-homa (a special sacrifice to ensure victory over the enemy); the monkeys invade Ravana’s
palace; Angada grabs Mandodari by the hair and drags her out of her rooms; Ravana, a disappeared figure, and Sugriva(?); Top row: battle scenes: Lakshmana fights against Ravana and other rakshasas under the eyes of Jambavan, Sugriva and other heroes.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Venugopala Parthasarathi Temple;Chengam
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling
Date: Late 16th or early 17th century
Description: Battle scenes on all three rows. Top row: Lakshmana is wounded on the battlefield and lies on Rama’s lap. The physician Sushena takes care of him; Hanuman goes to the Himalayas and brings back the mountain with the healing herbs.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Venugopala Parthasarathi Temple;Chengam
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling
Date: Late 16th or early 17th century
Description: Bottom row: Rama on the battlefield ; Vibhishana talks to him; Battle scenes; Central row: almost totally
disappeared; Top row: Hanuman on a hillock; Hanuman and Vibhishana talk to Jambavan; Wounded and dying heroes.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Venugopala Parthasarathi Temple;Chengam
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling
Date: Late 16th or early 17th century
Description: Bottom row, left: A council scene: Rama discusses the strategy with Hanuman, Vibhishana and Jambavan; On the extreme right: Lakshmana on Hanuman’s shoulders fights against Indrajit (?); Central row: Disappeared; Top row: The wounded and dying vanaras.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Venugopala Parthasarathi Temple;Chengam
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling
Date: Late 16th or early 17th century
Description: General view of the paintings in the architectural context.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Venugopala Parthasarathi Temple;Chengam
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: From top to bottom and from left to right; First row: Rama wins Sita’s hand; Rama and Sita’s wedding; Arjuna shoots the matsya yantra (the revolving fish target). Second row: Battle scenes. Third row: Krishna steals the clothes of the gopis. (cowherdesses); The Vidyaranya is taken in procession to the Virupaksha temple.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, sixth, seventh and eighth row from west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: From top to bottom and from left to right; First row: Rama wins Sita’s hand; Rama and Sita’s wedding; Arjuna shoots the matsya yantra (the revolving fish target). Second row: Battle scenes. Third row: Krishna steals the clothes of the gopis. (cowherdesses); The Vidyaranya is taken in procession to the Virupaksha temple.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa,ceiling, sixth, seventh and eighth row from west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: From top to bottom and from left to right; First row: Rama wins Sita’s hand; Rama and Sita’s wedding; Arjuna shoots the matsya yantra (the revolving fish target). Second row: Battle scenes. Third row: Krishna steals the clothes of the gopis; The Vidyaranya is taken in procession to the Virupaksha temple.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, sixth, seventh and eighth row from west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Top row: The ten avataras of Vishnu (from left): Matsya; Kurma; Varaha; Narasimha; Vamana; Parashurama; Ramachandra; Krishna; Buddha; Kalki. On the extreme right: Kama riding on an elephant formed by nine girls, aims arrows at Rati. riding on a horse formed by five girls, at the opposite end of this row. Bottom row (from left): Rama wins Sita’s hand; Rama and Sita’s wedding; Arjuna shoots the matsya yantra (revolving fish target), thus winning Draupadi’s hand.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, fifth and sixth row from west
Date: First half of the 19th century
Description: Top row: The ten avataras of Vishnu (from left): Matsya; Kurma; Varaha; Narasimha; Vamana; Parashurama; Ramachandra; Krishna; Buddha; Kalki. On the extreme right: Kama riding on an elephant formed by nine girls, aims arrows at Rati. riding on a horse formed by five girls, at the opposite end of this row. Bottom row (from left): Rama wins Sita’s hand; Rama and Sita’s wedding; Arjuna shoots the matsya yantra (revolving fish target), thus winning Draupadi’s hand.
Location: Karnataka Temple;Virupaksha Temple;Hampi
Positioning: Open mandapa, ceiling, fifth and sixth rows from west
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