Bodinayakkanur
Historical background
Bodinayakkanur, picturesquely sited at the foot hills of Western Ghats in the Theni district, of Tamil Nadu, is a thriving market town where cardamom, coffee, tea, pepper, and silk-cotton are traded.
The zamindars of Bodinayakkanur Palayapattu, whose history goes back to the 14th century, claim to be the descendants of the mythical Kalaikottu Munivar, i.e. Rishyashringa maharishi. They belong to the Rajakambalam Nayakas, a Telugu speaking group who fled from the Bellary region, in present-day Karnataka State, when, in the early 14th century, the troops of Alauddin Khilji invaded that region. They migrated first to western Tami Nadu, then proceeded southwards and eventually settled in the area of Bodinayakkanur.
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In the heart of the town is the palace of the Zamindar of Bodinayakkanur Palayapattu Zamin, built by Bangaru Tirumalai Bodi Nayaka (r. 1849 – 1862). The sprawling building, unfortunately in a sad state of disrepair, houses a generous-sized Darbar hall, the Lakshmi Vilasam, a large room used in bygone days as treasury, a gymnasium, a visitors’ hall, stables for horses and elephants, and a granary. At the death of Bangaru Tirumalai Bodi Nayaka in 1862, his heir Tirumalai Bodaiya Kamaraja Pandya Nayaka was a minor, so the British first took over the administration of the state and, in due course, its territory.
An extensive set of Ramayana paintings, dating of the mid-19th century, adorns the walls of the Lakshmi Vilasam and the Darbar hall. Above each scene is an explanatory caption in colloquial Tamil. The Balakanda narrative, from the beginning up to the departure of the four princely couples from Mithila is ingeniously laid out on the walls of the Lakshmi Vilasam. Particularly interesting are the scenes dealing with the nuptial rituals and the ceremonies, performed according to the Rajakambalam Nayakas traditions. A small shrine in this room houses a painting of the eight-armed family deity of the ruling family, Vadamalai Nachiammannai.
The rest of the narrative is illustrated in great detail on the walls of the Darbar Hall. The rendering of the Parashurama episode followed by the arrival of the newly wed couples in Ayodhya is, strangely enough, the sole episode painted on a portion of the Darbar Hall’s ceiling. Episodes from the Yuddhakanda, such as Indrajit’s sacrifice in Nikumbhila, as well as scenes of music and dance are found on the underside of the lobed arches supporting the hall’s ceiling. Sadly a section of the murals depicting the Yuddhakanda, is lost.

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Vishvamitra, Rama and Lakshmana meet the rishis in the forest.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Vishvamitra teaches Rama and Lakshmana how to use the magical weapons.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Vishvamitra and the rishis request Rama and Lakshmana to protect their yajna.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Kausalya gives birth to Rama.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Sumitra gives birth to Lakshmana and Shatrughna.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Description: Kaikeyi gives birth to Bharata.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: The midwife informs Dasharatha of the birth of his sons and she is given a necklace as a reward; Dasharatha gives the Brahmins, clothes, cows and other gifts.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: To mark the birth of his four sons, Dasharatha gives the Brahmins, clothes, cows and other gifts.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Rama, Lakshmana,Bharata and Shatrughna are given a bath.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Rama aims mud pellets at Kuni’s (Manthara’s) hump.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: The four princes and their mothers in the palace.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: An usher announces the arrival of Vishvamitra; Vasisththa, king Dasharatha, Sumantra and courtiers welcome him.
his entourage welcome him.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Rama and Lakshmana perform their ablutions before fighting against the rakshasas headed by Subahu and Maricha.
Location: Tamil NaduPalace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: Rama aims mud pellets at Kuni’s (Manthara) hump; The four princes and their mothers; Bottom row: Having performed their ablutions, Rama and Lakshmana build a canopy of arrows to protect the rishis’ yajna from being polluted by the hordes of the rakshasas headed by Subahu and Maricha; Subahu is killed in battle; Maricha, hit by an arrow, is is propelled into the sea.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Maricha, hit by an arrow, is propelled into the sea(left); Rama and Lakshmana are blessed by Vishvamitra and other rishis (right); The princes, guarded by Vishvamitra, fall asleep.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: The princes invited to Sita’s svayamvara (ceremony in which the bride choses her husband) are disappointed at Rama’s victory.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: The rishis perform the homa (offerings to a consecrated fire) as a part of the wedding rituals; Bottom row: Rama and Sita pour water on one another as a part of the wedding celebrations.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Arch above the door: Vishvamitra, Shatananda and Vasishstha ride in state.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Arch above the door: The four princes prostrate before King Dasharatha, Sumantra, and the queens.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam

Date: mid-19th century
Description: Detail of the textile-pattern decoration on the underside of one of the arches in the Lakshmi Vilasam.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
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