Rituals
Historical background
Weddings and festivals provide the artists with a scope to explore religious rituals and at the same time courtly etiquette, dress, and ornaments in great detail.
Date: Paintings, 18th century
Description: From top to bottom 1) From right: Vishvamitra and his charges meet some sages; They continue their journey and arrive at an ashram. 2) From left: two rishis; Rama and Lakshmana protect the ascetics’ yajna routing Maricha and killing Subahu; 3) From left: The yajna is completed the princes sleep; they bathe in a tank and listen to the discourses of Vishvamitra and of another sage. 4) From right: Vishvamitra, the princes and a number of rishis travel; the river Sone; the origin of the river Kaushiki (?).
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Tirugokarneshvara Brihadambal Temple;Pudukottai
Positioning: Entrance mandapa, ceiling, central bay
Date: Paintings, 18th century
Description: From top to bottom 1) From left: Dasharatha and his entourage proceed towards Janaka’s palace. 2) From right: The four royal weddings. In the foreground priests and ascetics perform various rituals.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Tirugokarneshvara Brihadambal Temple;Pudukottai
Positioning: Entrance mandapa, ceiling, central bay
Date: Paintings, 18th century
Description: From top to bottom 1) From left: Rama, Lakshmana and a third figure, perhaps a guard, pay homage to the Dashartha seated along with Vasishtha and Sumantra;They pass through a gate and sit along with Dasharatha and their brothers; The four princes take leave of Dasharatha. 2) From right: the king deliberates with Vasishtha, Sumantra and his ministers and nominates Rama his successor before the assembled courtiers; 3) From left: Dasharatha in council; The king and Sumantra talk to Vasishtha; Rama, Sita, Lakshmana and two courtly ladies worship Sri Ranganatha before travelling to Dasharatha’s palace. 4) From right: From a terrace Kuni (Manthara) sees the rituals and other preparations for Rama’s consecration and warns Kaikeyi, who rewards her with a necklace and then retires into the ‘sulking room’. Dasharatha visits her.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Tirugokarneshvara Brihadambal Temple;Pudukottai
Positioning: Entrance mandapa, ceiling, central bay
Date: Paintings, 18th century
Description: From top to bottom 1) From right: Kuni (Manthara) sees the preparations for Rama’s consecration, warns Kaikeyi, who rewards her with a necklace an then retires into her ‘sulking room’; The king goes to visit her. 2) From left: Kaikeyi persuades Dasharatha to crown her son Bharata instead of Rama; A messenger speaks to the pujaris. The paraphernalia of the royal consecration. 3) From right: The messenger speaks to Vasishtha (?) and reports to Dasharatha and Kaikeyi.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Tirugokarneshvara Brihadambal Temple;Pudukottai
Positioning: Entrance mandapa, ceiling, central bay
Date: Paintings, 18th century
Description: From top to bottom 1) From left: A messenger speaks to the purohits and reports to Dasharatha and Kaikeyi. 2) On the right: Rama and Lakshmana before Dasharatha and Kaikeyi 3) Damaged: On the right: Rama and Lakshmana take leave of Kaikeyi and Sumitra (?) 4) (from left) Rama Lakshmana and Sita take leave of Kausalya (?) and distribute their riches to the Brahmins.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Tirugokarneshvara Brihadambal Temple;Pudukottai
Positioning: Entrance mandapa, ceiling, central bay
Date: Paintings, 18th century
Description: Fom top to bottom: 1) Dasharatha’s body lies in state mourned by his wives; The body is placed in a vat of oil; Vasishtha in council; 2) Messengers are sent to fetch Bharata and Shatrughna; 3) They arrive at the court of Kekaya and break the news of Dasharatha’s death.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Tirugokarneshvara Brihadambal Temple;Pudukottai
Positioning: Entrance mandapa, celing, west side colonnade, lintel
Date: Paintings, 18th century
Description: From top to bottom: 1) The journey of the princes back to Ayodhya. 2) Bharata and Shatrughna meet Vasishta and Kaikeyi (?); 3) Dasharatha’s cremation.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Tirugokarneshvara Brihadambal Temple;Pudukottai
Positioning: Entrance mandapa, ceiling, west side colonnade, lintel
Date: Paintings, 18th century
Description: From top to bottom: 1) Bharata and Shatrughna give gifts to the brahmins; 2) Damaged: On the left: Shatrughna punishes Kuni (Manthara) 3) Disappeared.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Tirugokarneshvara Brihadambal Temple;Pudukottai
Positioning: Entrance mandapa, ceiling, west side colonnade, lintel
Date: Paintings, 18th century
Description: Top (upside down). The queens, Bharata and Shatrughna visit the exiles on Mount Chitrakuta, Rama performs the shraddha ceremony for Dasharatha; 2) The queens, accompanied by Vasishtha meet the exiles; 3) The royal party leaves and returns to Ayodhya.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Gokarneshvara Brihadambal Temple;Pudukottai
Positioning: Entrance mandapa, ceiling, east colonnade, lintel
Date: Paintings; late 18th early 19th century
Description: Fragments. Barely recognisable on the bottom row is Vali’s cremation
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Tirugokarneshvara Brihadambal Temple
Positioning: Entrance mandapa, ceiling, eastern bay
Date: mid-17th century
Description: Top row: Devotees watch an elephant placing a garland on the linga at Tiruvanaikkaval (Sri Jambukesvara). On the right, a coutly figure.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Narumpunatha Temple;Tiruppudaimarudur
Positioning: Gopura first tier, north chamber, east wall
Date: mid-17th century
Description: Top: Devotees watch an elephant placing a garland on the linga at Tiruvanaikkaval (Sri Jambukesvara); Bottom: Devotees at worship at the Sri Ranganatha Temple, Srirangam Island.
Location: Tamil Nadu Temple;Narumpunatha Temple;Tiruppudaimarudur
Positioning: Gopura, first tier, north chamber, east wall
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