Rituals
Historical background
Weddings and festivals provide the artists with a scope to explore religious rituals and at the same time courtly etiquette, dress, and ornaments in great detail.
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: The Mithila welcoming party escorts the guests on their way to the capital; Second row: The weddings of Bharata and Mandavi and of Shatrughna and Shrutakirti; The grooms garland the brides seated on their father’s thigh; Rama garlands Sita; Lakshmana garlands Urmila; Third row: Lakshmana and Urmila are given a ceremonial bath; At the centre: Door to the darbar hall.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: Janaka and his entourage meet Dasharatha’s party; Second row: Lakshmana garlands Urmila; Shartughna garlands Shrutakirti and Bharata garlands Mandavi, the brides are seated on their father’s thigh; Third row: Bharata and Mandavi, Shartughna and Shrutakirti are given a ceremonial bath.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: Janaka and his entourage meet Dasharatha’s party; Second row: Lakshmana garlands Urmila; Shartughna garlands Shrutakirti and Bharata garlands Mandavi, the brides are seated on their fathers’ thigh; Third row: Bharata and Mandavi, Shartughna and Shrutakirti are given a ceremonial bath.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: At the gates of Mithila, Dasharatha embraces Janaka, Vasishtha embraces Janaka’s chaplain, Shatananda; The princes pay homage to Vasisthta. Once in town, the princes pay homage to Dasharatha while Vishvamitra looks on; Rama and Lakshmana pay homage to the three queens; Second row: As a part of the wedding ceremonial, the four couples look at the pole star; Third row: The couples in their apartments, the brides offer pan to their spouses; Fourth row: Janaka and Dasharatha accompanied by their entourage; The four Mithila princesses pay homage to Janaka and are given gifts.
In the arch above the door: Rama and his brothers pay homage to Dasharatha and the three queens.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: The Ayodhya party on the way to Mithila; Second row: Preparations for the wedding ceremony; Attendants massage the princes’ and the princesses’ arms with haldi (turmeric); Third row: The princes Rama, Lakshmana; Bharata and Shatrughna on their elephants are accompanied to the marriage venue, with fireworks and crackers. Above the door: The three sages Vasishtha, Shatananda and Vishvamitra in their chariots.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: The Ayodhya party on the way to Mithila; Second row: Preparations for the wedding ceremony; Attendants massage the princes’ and the princesses’ arms with haldi (turmeric); Third row: The princes Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrughna on their elephants are accompanied to the marriage venue, with fireworks and crackers; In the arch above the door: The three sages, Vasishtha, Shatananda and Vishvamitra in their chariots.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: At the gates of Mithila, Dasharatha embraces Janaka, Vasishtha embraces Janaka’s chaplain, Shatananda; The princes pay homage to Vasisthta. Once in town, the princes pay homage to Dasharatha while Vishvamitra looks on; Rama and Lakshmana pay homage to the three queens; Second row: As a part of the wedding ceremonial, the four couples look at the pole star; Third row: The couples in their apartments: the brides offer pan to their spouses; Fourth row: Janaka and Dasharatha accompanied by their entourage; The four Mithila princesses pay homage to Janaka and are given gifts. In the arch above the door: Rama and his brothers pay homage to Dasharatha and the three queens.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma on their vahanas; The dikpalas pay homage to the three deities seated atop a mountain; On the right Narada floats on a cloud; Second row: Dasharatha and the queens with their four children on their lap; Vasishtha and three further sages perform the namakarana (name giving) ceremony.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: Rishyashringa (Kalaikottu munivar) leaves the Anga country to visit Ayodhya and is welcomed by King Dasharatha, the sage Vasisthta and the minister Sumantra; The putrakameshti yajna (ritual to obtain a son) is performed; The Yajnapurusha emerges from the flames bearing the vessel containing the miraculous payasa; Second row: Rama rides an elephant; Vasishtha teaches the princes how to drive chariots.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: Rishyashringa (Kalaikottu munivar), Vasishtha and other sages officiate at king Dasharatha’s putrakameshti yajna (ritual for obtaining a son); The Yajnapurusha emerges from the fire carrying a vessel of payasa , which is then handed over to Vasishtha and then to Dasharatha; The sweetmeat is divided among the three queens; Second row: The four princes learn fencing under the guidance of Vasishtha.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: Vasishtha trains the princes in swordsmanship and archery; Second row: Indra and other gods, the gandharvas and Vishvamitra praise Rama for killing Tataka; Vishvamitra bestows the magical weapons upon Rama and teaches him how to use them; In the background, behind the lobed arch, the door to the darbar hall and murals depicting the wedding of the four princes.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
Date: mid-19th century
Description: Top row: After performing their ablutions, Rama and Lakshmana protect the rishis’ yajna; They kill Subahu while Maricha, hit by an arrow, is propelled into the sea; The grateful rishis bless them; Second row: Rama and Lakshmana stand before Vishvamitra, Janaka and his courtiers; Shiva’s bow is at Rama’s feet; In the arch above the door: Rama breaks the bow into three pieces before the assembled court to the amazement and dismay of Sita’s suitors.
Location: Tamil Nadu Palace;Bodinayakkanur
Positioning: Lakshmi Vilasam
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